A Vehicle–Bridge Interaction Element: Implementation in ABAQUS and Verification

Vibration analysis of bridges induced by train loads is a crucial aspect railway design, particularly considering the complexity vehicle components such as bogie-suspension systems. Consequently, engineers have endeavored to improve computational efficiency and applicability models using finite-element method. This paper introduces toolbox implemented in ABAQUS through user-defined element (UEL) subroutine, which incorporates vehicle–bridge interaction (VBI) theory. effectively handles diverse In proposed theory, wheel-track contact force derived based on bridge response, eliminating need for an iterative process significantly reducing workload compared classical physics-based analysis. The presented approach validated moving sprung mass model rigid bar model. Furthermore, case study conducted three-dimensional high-speed China, design sketch, showcase capabilities developed scheme. demonstrates practical application methodology analyzing structures with high complexity.